When it is funded in 1991, the Act creates the National Information Infrastructure, which promotes and funds over $600 million worth of various networking initiatives. At the instigation of computer pioneers, Senator Al Gore begins working in 1987 on what will become his High Performance Computing and Communication Act. government support from the National Science Foundation’s NSFNET and other sources. In hindsight, the Internet has several key advantages, from a growing community of enthusiasts churning out working software and hardware, to free distribution with the UNIX operating system, to being built in to common hardware like Cisco routers.īut the decisive factor? Probably money-especially U.S. By 1992 the Internet will have emerged as the new global standard, linking a million computers. But in the meantime the Internet has quietly grown to 100,000 host machines, each with multiple users. As late as 1989, even insiders are betting against it – OSI is the official favorite for the future of internetworking, or connecting networks together. In 1977 Cerf and Kahn will link the three networks and prove the efficacy of their TCP/IP protocol in a dramatic round-the-world transmission from a moving vehicle, the SRI Packet Radio Research van.Īt its official 1983 launch, the Internet had been a modest experimental network of networks owned by the U.S. ARPA has a practical need to link its original ARPAnet with its newer networks like the Packet Radio Network (PRNET) and Satellite Network (SATNET).
Both these efforts will influence the development of ARPA’s TCP/IP internetworking protocol, first sketched out in 1973 by Vint Cerf and Bob Kahn. Xerox PARC begins linking Ethernets with other networks using its PUP (PARC Universal Packet) protocol the same year. So, the next challenge has been creating “networks of networks,” a process called internetworking or internetting.įrance’s CYCLADES and Britain’s NPL network are experimenting with internetworking by 1973 with the European Informatics Network (EIN). But different kinds of networks couldn’t link to each other, limiting the size of online communities. Early networks successfully connected computers.
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